Evidences of a Young Universe

Slide 16 of 22

Notes:

Stars are continually changing hydrogen into helium, and hydrogen cannot be produced in any appreciable quantity though the breakdown of the other elements, yet the universe consists almost entirely of hydrogen, indicating a beginning of the universe not long ago (Fred Hoyle).

If galaxies are billions of years old, ortibal mechanics requires that the arms in spiral galaxies should be greatly distorted, but they are not (Walter Brown).

Measurements in the sun and other stars of the radioactive decay of thorium-232 into neodymium-142 (14 billion year half-life) show all the original thorium still there (M. Waldrop).

Supernova remnant stage	Predicted observable if Galaxy age billions of years	Predicted observable if Galaxy age 7000 years	Number actually observed
First	2	2	5
Second	2260	125	200
Third	5000	0	0